The fortified walled town of Mystras is located atop Mount Taygetos in Laconia, Peloponnese, southern Greece. It is just 5 km away from the ancient city of Sparta and popularly called the ‘Wonder of Morea’; in medieval times, Peloponnese was called Morea. Today, Mystras is an important archaeological site in Greece and one of the best-preserved Byzantine era structures.
History
Mystras was first fortified in the early 13th century by William II of Villehardouin, ruler of Achea, a Frankish crusader state and due to this, the fortress is also called Villehardouin’s Castle. In the late 13th century, the Byzantines reclaimed the territories they lost to the Frankish, including Mystras. From then on Mystras developed into a Byzatine stronghold, given its strategic location among the hills. It was later captured by the Ottomans in the 15th century and continued to be inhabited till the 19th century.
Archaeological Site of Mystras
The town is divided into two – upper town and lower town. You can enter the complex from the entrance of the upper town and work your way down.
The imposing ruins of the Castle of Mystras or Villehardouin’s Castle is located on the highest part of the town. From here, you can feast on breathtaking views of the Laconian plains below. As you descend from the castle, you will first come across the 14th century Byzantine church, Agia Sophia. The church, made of stone, houses great paintings and served as the royal church and burial site.
Next you will arrive at the Palace of Despots, a massive structure, the construction of which was begun by the Franks and completed by the Byzantines. This L-shaped multi-storeyed complex is a fine example of Byzantine architecture at its best and remains well-preserved till date.
From the palace, the Monemvasia Gate opens to the lower town. If you walk towards your right, you will reach the Pantanassa Monastery, a 14th century architectural marvel with ornate stone carvings, remarkable bell tower and impressive frescoes from the 15th century. Today, a few nuns live in the monastery, which is the only inhabited building on the site.
Continuing along the same path, you will see the Monastery of Panagia Perivleptos, another remarkable structure. The main church of the monastery has grand marble floors, 14th century frescoes and its dome has depictions of Christ and the Apostles. Next to the monastery, there is an elaborate mansion, called the House of John Frangopoulos. After this, comes the Church of Saint George, a private chapel and the Laskaris House, a Byzantine house for aristocrats.
Further down the path, you will reach the Mitropolis – a cluster of buildings including the Cathedral of Agios Demetrios, one of Mystras’ major churches. It displays a varied architectural style as it was constructed and renovated over several centuries. Its 13th-century bell tower and 15th-century cross-in-square church, an architectural style typical among Byzantine churches are most notable. It was in this church that Constantinos Paleologos, the last Byzantine Emperor, was crowned in the mid-15th century.
Next is the Vrontokhion Monastery, which was the wealthiest during its day and houses two churches – Agios Theodoros, an impressive 13th-century church with an octagonal style and Aphentiko, with great frescoes.
Archaeological Museum
This small two-storeyed museum is located near the Cathedral of Agios Demetrios and houses artefacts from the Byzantine era. It displays sculptures, wall paintings, coins, jewellery and other Byzantine artefacts.
Mystras Town
Below the ancient walls, at the foot of the mountains lie the modern town of Mystras, with its charming stone houses and narrow alleys. In the centre of the town lies a statue in memory of Constantinos Paleologos, the last Byzantine Emperor. You will also find a few tavernas, souvenir shops and cafes.
Why should you visit?
Mystras was the second most important Byzantine powerhouse after Constantinople and its structures displayed exceptional architectural styles of that era. Adding to its archaeological significance, Mystras is an aesthetic delight with its lovely stone buildings, lush green slopes with olive trees and stunning panoramic views.
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